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马克思的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》虽是不成熟的手稿，有其鲜明的指导思想、逻辑出发点和基本思路。一、指导思想在于站在无产阶级立场上解剖资本主义社会；二、手稿的历史出发，或是从国民经济学的前提出发，从斯密的经济学说出发，但不同于斯密的分析，他的逻辑出发点是私有制条件下的“异化劳动”；三、基本思路是从“异化劳动”出发，依照辩证法的否定之否定的规律，一是经济上扬弃私有财产、实现共产主义，一是哲学上扬弃人的自我异化实现社会的人的复归，两者互相重合，形成辩证发展的三大主体部分。这是一个开放的不断深化的逻辑结构。
Although Marx’s Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844 is an immature manuscript, it has its own distinctive guiding ideology, logic starting point and basic thinking. First, the guiding ideology lies in dissecting the capitalist society from the standpoint of the proletariat. Second, starting from the history of manuscripts or from the premise of national economy, starting from Smith’s economic theory, but unlike Smith’s analysis, he The logic starting point is “alienated labor” under the condition of private ownership. Third, the basic idea is to proceed from “alienated labor” and to follow the law of negative negation of dialectics. Firstly, economic upturn abandons private property and realizes communism. First, Abandon the self-alienation of people to realize the return of the community, the two coincide with each other to form the three main parts of the dialectical development. This is an open and deepening logical structure.