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目的分析蒙古族7～18岁学生在1985—2010年间身高生长变化趋势和特点。方法采用“全国学生体质健康调研”蒙古族通辽校点1985、2000、2010年的调查数据,将蒙古族7～18岁学生分为城男、乡男、城女、乡女4类,对学生身高、生长水平的城乡差异、快速增长期及增长高峰年龄变化、成年(18岁)时身高性差等进行动态分析。结果 1985—2010年,蒙古族7～18岁学生身高生长长期变化有明显增长趋势,城男、乡男、城女、乡女组的身高均值增长量分别为5.79、5.26、3.66、4.27 cm;1985—2000年(前15年)学生身高增长速度明显大于2001—2010年(后10年),城男、乡男、城女、乡女组的身高增长速度前15年与后10年分别为3.32与0.81、2.84与1.00、2.04与0.60、2.47与0.57 cm/10年,提示蒙古族7～18岁学生生长长期变化速度呈现先快后慢特点;蒙古族7～18岁城市学生身高增长大于农村,城乡男生身高增长快于女生(城男城女比较t=4.15,P<0.01;乡男乡女比较t=1.42,P>0.05),蒙古族7～18岁学生中城男、城女、乡女均表现出身高增长高峰年龄提前趋势;蒙古族18岁学生身高性差逐渐增加,1985、2000和2010年城市18岁学生身高性差分别为9.28(95%CI=8.26～10.30)、12.96(95%CI=12.16～13.76)和13.50(95%CI=12.70～14.30)cm,农村18岁学生身高性差分别为10.37(95%CI=9.79～10.95)、10.97(95%CI=10.24～11.70)和11.66(95%CI=10.89～12.43)cm,2000和2010年城市身高性差均高于农村性差(P<0.05),且性差均<14 cm,提示蒙古族7～18岁学生身高增长仍处于生长长期趋势的增长阶段。结论蒙古族7～18岁学生身高的生长水平呈积极增长的长期趋势,且呈现出先快后慢的特点,但城乡学生发育水平仍有差距。
Objective To analyze the trend and characteristics of height growth of Mongolian students aged 7-18 years from 1985 to 2010. Methods According to the survey data of “National Student Physical Health Survey” in 1985, 2000, and 2010 in Tongliao, Mongolia, students from 7 to 18 years old in Mongolian were divided into four categories: male, male, urban and rural women, Differences in height, growth level of urban and rural areas, rapid growth and growth peak age changes, adult (18 years old) poor height dynamic analysis. Results From 1985 to 2010, the long-term changes in height growth of Mongolian students aged 7-18 years showed a significant increase. The mean height growth of urban men, rural men, urban women and rural women were 5.79, 5.26, 3.66, 4.27 cm respectively; The height growth rate of students in 1985-2000 (the first 15 years) was obviously higher than that in 2001-2010 (the latter 10 years). The height growth rates of urban men, rural men, urban women and rural women in the first 15 years and the last 10 years were 3.32 and 0.81, 2.84 and 1.00, 2.04 and 0.60, 2.47 and 0.57 cm / 10 years respectively, suggesting that Mongolian students aged 7-18 years showed the characteristics of first growth and then slow growth. The growth of Mongolian urban students aged 7-18 years was greater than The growth rate of boys and girls in urban and rural areas was faster than that of girls in urban areas (t = 4.15, P <0.01; t = 1.42, P> 0.05) The height of the 18-year-old Mongolian students increased gradually. The height difference of the 18-year-old urban students was 9.28 (95% CI = 8.26-10.30), 12.96 95% CI = 12.16-13.76) and 13.50 (95% CI = 12.70-14.30) cm, respectively. The difference in height of 18-year-old rural students was 10.37 (95% CI = 9). (95% CI = 10.24 ~ 11.70) and 11.66 (95% CI = 10.89 ~ 12.43) cm in 2000 and 2010, respectively, which were higher than those in rural areas (P <0.05) 14 cm, suggesting that Mongolian 7 to 18-year-old height growth is still in the growth stage of long-term trend of growth. Conclusion The height growth of Mongolian students aged 7-18 years showed a long-term trend of positive growth, and showed the characteristics of fast growth and slow growth. However, there was still a gap between urban and rural students.