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1 当前机械的发展趋势几千年来,人类不断地创造出替代人工作业的各种装置,人们把这类能减轻人的劳动并能提高生产率的各种实物的组合体称为“机械”。长期以来机械的概念是将机械零部件(包括液压、液力和气动元件)组合起来产生和传递动力,对外界做有效功的装置,它是由动力装置、传动装置和工作装置所组成。以往的机械主要处理对象是物质和能量,例如:机床是物质处理系统;内燃机是能量处理系统。过去人们认为机械是死板的东西,对各种工况和外界变化没有反应,要靠人来处理各种情况,进行操纵和控制,因此机械的使用者劳动强度比较大,操纵技术要求比较高。但是近20年来发生了很大变化,一个重大
1 The current trend in the development of machinery For thousands of years, mankind has continuously created various devices that replace manual operations. People call this type of physical combination that can reduce people’s labor and increase productivity, and call them “machines.” . The concept of machinery has long been the combination of mechanical components (including hydraulic, hydraulic, and pneumatic components) to generate and transmit power. It is a device for effective work on the outside world. It consists of power devices, transmissions, and work devices. The main processing objects of the past are materials and energy. For example, a machine tool is a material processing system; an internal combustion engine is an energy processing system. In the past, people believed that machinery was a rigid thing and did not respond to changes in various operating conditions and external circumstances. It was up to the people to handle various situations and to manipulate and control them. Therefore, users of mechanical machines were relatively labor intensive and required relatively high manipulation techniques. However, great changes have taken place in the past 20 years.