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目的了解河南省2012年细菌性痢疾(菌痢)流行特征及病原特征。方法收集《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》中的监测数据和监测点病原监测数据,描述流行特征,分析菌型变迁和耐药性变迁。结果河南省2012年菌痢发病率为19.334 3/10万,发病集中在6—10月,高峰在7月份。6岁以下儿童发病数占全年龄组发病数的29.26%,职业主要为农民和散居儿童。病原监测流行菌型为F2a,菌株对氨苄西林、甲氧苄嘧啶、四环素、链霉素、萘啶酸高度耐药,对环丙沙星和诺氟沙星的耐药率分别为40.21%和28.87%,对头孢噻肟和头孢曲松的耐药率已达20%~30%。结论菌痢流行呈现高峰前移、流行期变长的新态势,防控重点为农村留守儿童。流行菌型的变化频繁,耐药情况日趋严重。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and pathogenic features of bacillary dysentery (bacillary dysentery) in Henan province in 2012. Methods Collecting the monitoring data and monitoring data of pathogen in Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System, describing the epidemiological characteristics, analyzing the changes of bacteria type and drug resistance. Results The incidence of dysentery in Henan Province in 2012 was 19.334 3/100000, with the incidence concentrated in June-October and the peak in July. The number of children under the age of 6 accounts for 29.26% of the total incidence of the age group, occupations are mainly farmers and scattered children. The pathogen was identified as F2a. The strains were highly resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, streptomycin and nalidixic acid. The resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were 40.21% and 28.87%. The resistance rate to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone reached 20% ~ 30%. Conclusions The prevalence of bacillary dysentery shows a new trend of peak shift and epidemic change. The prevention and control focuses on the left-behind children in rural areas. Frequent changes in the prevalence of bacteria, drug resistance is becoming more serious.