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目的了解住院患者医院感染特点,分析其原因,为预防与控制医院感染提供科学的理论依据。方法采用回顾性的调查方法,对医院2007年住院患者发生医院感染病例进行统计学分析。结果在住院的54 505例患者中有2325例发生医院感染,医院感染率为4.27%;重症监护病房(ICU)感染率最高为33.57%;感染部位因科室的不同而不同,下呼吸道是最常见的感染部位(27.19%);医院感染的病原体中革兰阴性菌占48.05%、其次是病毒与真菌,分别为占23.25%、14.45%,革兰阳性菌占14.15%;不同月份感染率有所不同。结论医院感染率与疾病种类相关;加强医院感染管理、合理使用抗菌药物,预防传染病传播是降低医院感染的有效措施。
Objective To understand the characteristics of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients, analyze its causes and provide a scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to analyze the incidence of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in 2007. Results Among the 54,505 hospitalized patients, 2325 cases were hospital-acquired with nosocomial infection rate of 4.27%. The ICU infection rate was the highest in 33.57%. The lower respiratory tract was the most common in the infected area, which varied from department to department. (27.19%). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 48.05%, followed by viruses and fungi in hospital-acquired pathogens, accounting for 23.25% and 14.45%, respectively. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 14.15% different. Conclusions The prevalence of nosocomial infection is related to the types of diseases. Strengthening hospital infection management, using antibacterials reasonably and preventing the spread of infectious diseases are effective measures to reduce nosocomial infections.