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本文首先简要地评述了国外空天飞机概念研究的进展情况,着重讨论了单级入轨和两级入轨问题。然后,介绍了美国国家空天飞机计划研究过的四种外形,分析了相应的任务使命(例如加速、巡航和机动巡航)和各自的优缺点。最后讨论了空天飞机的机体和发动机的一体化设计问题,包括前体和进气道的一体化设计,后体与喷管的一体化设计和一体化设计的重要性及它对整个飞行器性能(例如推阻比和配平)的影响。
This paper first briefly reviews the progress of the concept research of the spacecraft abroad, focusing on single-stage orbit and two-stage orbit. Then, four profiles of the NASA program were introduced, and corresponding mission tasks (such as acceleration, cruising and maneuver cruise) and their respective advantages and disadvantages were analyzed. Finally, it discusses the integrated design of airframe and engine, including the integration design of precursor and air intake, the importance of integration design and integrated design of rear body and nozzle, and its importance to the whole aircraft performance (Such as thrust and drag ratio and trim).