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教育对个人收入有重要影响,从而也对基尼系数有影响。模型分析发现,在非理想状况下,教育财政支出的变化将在短期和长期中,通过产生供给冲击和需求冲击对基尼系数产生不同影响。实证检验表明,在中国,短期教育财政支出的变化所产生的需求冲击,会使支出与基尼系数呈负相关关系,其增加有利于改善收入分配状况;而长期支出的变化同时产生的需求冲击和供给冲击,会使收入分配改善在长期中得以维持,并且两种冲击对于基尼系数的影响相互抵消,教育财政支出与基尼系数没有表现出显著的相关性。
Education has an important impact on personal income, which in turn has an impact on the Gini coefficient. The model analysis shows that in the non-ideal situation, the change of educational expenditure will have different influences on the Gini coefficient in the short and long term through the supply shock and demand shock. Empirical tests show that in China, the demand shock caused by the short-term changes in education expenditure will make the expenditure negatively correlated with the Gini coefficient, and the increase will help to improve the income distribution. However, the demand shock caused by long-term changes in expenditure and Supply shocks will lead to the improvement of income distribution in the long run, and the impact of the two shocks on the Gini coefficient offset each other. There is no significant correlation between expenditure on education and the Gini coefficient.