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[目的]了解我国19个少数民族学生低血红蛋白检出率状况,分析其发展变化的特点、规律及趋势,为少数民族学生贫血状况的改善及健康水平的提高提供有益参考。[方法]利用1995、2000和2005年19个少数民族学生体质健康调研所获得的血红蛋白数据,对低血红蛋白检出率进行统计分析,检验方法采用χ2检验。[结果]2005年与1995年相比,19个少数民族学生低血红蛋白检出率5个年龄组合计值多数出现下降;各个年龄组低血红蛋白检出率多数出现下降,其中,均出现明显下降的为维吾尔、柯尔克孜、哈尼、纳西、瑶族,而撒拉族均出现显著上升。13个少数民族学生低血红蛋白检出率5个年龄组合计值,多数民族前5年(1995～2000年)和后5年(2000～2005年)均出现下降,其中,瑶族下降趋势显著,而撒拉族均出现显著上升。[结论]10年间,我国19个少数民族学生的贫血状况得到一定程度的改善,但贫血问题依然存在,需进一步加强少数民族地区营养健康知识的普及,并认真做好少数民族学生贫血的防治工作。
[Objective] To understand the detection rate of low hemoglobin in 19 ethnic minority students in our country, analyze its characteristics, regularity and trend of development and change, and provide beneficial reference for the improvement of minority students’ anemia status and health level. [Methods] The hemoglobin data of 19 ethnic minority students from 1995, 2000 and 2005 were used to analyze the detection rate of low hemoglobin. The test was performed using χ2 test. [Results] Compared with 1995, the detection rates of low hemoglobin in 19 ethnic minority students decreased significantly in most of the five age groups in 2005. Most of the detection rates of low hemoglobin in all age groups decreased significantly, of which, there was a significant decrease For the Uyghur, Kyrgyz, Hani, Naxi, Yao, and Salar are significantly increased. The detection rate of low hemoglobin in 13 ethnic minority students was 5 age groups. The majority of ethnic minorities decreased in the first 5 years (1995 ~ 2000) and the last 5 years (2000 ~ 2005), among which the Yao nationality showed a significant downward trend, while Salar are significantly increased. [Conclusion] During the 10 years, the anemia status of 19 ethnic minority students in our country have been improved to a certain degree, but the anemia problem still exists. It is necessary to further strengthen the popularization of nutrition and health knowledge in ethnic minority areas and conscientiously do a good job in prevention and treatment of anemia among ethnic minority students .