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目的研究载人航天器舱内的气流组织性能 ,分析斜进风通风方式下舱内的通风换热 ,为通风换热的设计提供依据。方法由物理模型 ,引入合理假设 ,建立描述舱内流动和传热的数学模型 ,采用交错网格的SIMPLE算法 ,从进风角度、换热性能、温度、速度的均匀性及环境的舒适性等方面综合分析该通风方式的特点。结果斜进风方式不存在明显的短路问题 ,换热能力较好 ;舱内工作区速度、温度的均匀性和舒适性提高 ;投入能量得到了较好的利用 ;两侧壁换热虽失去对称性 ,但其换热能力并没有迥然差别 ;进风角度小于 45°时温度场、速度场的均匀性比进风角度大于 45°时要好一些 ,但由于V ·△T的值保持在一定水平 ,此时的换热能力与进风角度大于 45°时相比变化不大。结论二维斜进风通风方式气流组织性能较好 ,但流动的可控性较差 ;可以适当地设计通风方式和角度 ,增加流动的可控性 ,并使换热和均匀性同时优化 ;空间站载人舱可采用角度变动范围在 1 5°～ 75°之间的风向可调式小开口斜进风方式。
Aim To study the performance of airflow in manned spacecraft module and to analyze the ventilation and heat exchange in the compartment under the oblique inlet ventilation mode, which provides the basis for the design of ventilation and heat exchange. The method is based on the physical model and the reasonable assumption is introduced to establish a mathematic model describing the flow and heat transfer in the cabin. The staggered grid SIMPLE algorithm is used to analyze the effect of inlet air temperature, heat transfer, temperature, velocity uniformity and environmental comfort A comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the ventilation mode. As a result, there was no obvious short-circuit problem in the oblique wind inlet mode, and the heat exchange capacity was better. The uniformity and comfort of speed, temperature and cabin comfort were improved. The input energy was better utilized. However, the heat transfer capacity is not very different. When the inlet angle is less than 45 °, the uniformity of temperature field and velocity field is better than that when the inlet angle is greater than 45 °. However, the value of V · ΔT is kept at a certain level , At this time the heat transfer capacity and inlet angle is greater than 45 ° when compared to little change. Conclusions Two-dimensional inclined-draft wind ventilation is better in air flow organization, but its flow controllability is poor. The ventilation mode and angle can be properly designed to increase the controllability of flow and optimize the heat transfer and uniformity. Space station Manned cabin can be used to change the angle between the range of 15 ° ~ 75 ° adjustable small wind direction oblique inlet wind way.