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AIM:To investigate the results of radiofrequencyablation(RFA)in obtaining the necrosis of hepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)in cirrhotic patients and to assessthe results of RFA in relation to recurrence of HCC andsurvival of the treated patients.METHODS:Fifty-six consecutive cirrhotic patients with63 HCCs were treated with RFA between May 2000 andMay 2004.The diameter of the HCCs ranged from 1 cmto 5 cm(mean 2.8 cm).In all cases RFA was performedwith percutaneous approach under ultrasound guidanceusing expandable needle electrode(LeVeen needle).Treatment efficacy and recurrence were evaluated withdual-phase spiral computed tomography(CT).RESULTS:Complete necrosis after single or multipletreatment was achieved in 96.8%(61/63)tumors.We observed recurrence after complete necrosis in 23patients(41%)during a mean follow-up of 32.3 months.The recurrences were local in 2 patients(8.6%)and indifferent segments in 21(91.4%).Major complicationsoccurred in 3 patients(4%).During follow-up period,32(57.1%)patients died;15 due to progression of HCC,11 from liver failure,3 from esophageal varices bleedingand 3 from the causes not related to liver disease.CONCLUSION:RFA with LeVeen needle is an effectiveand safe treatment for HCC<5 cm in cirrhotic patients.It has yet to be established how far this treatmentinfluences the survival rate of patients.It becomesimportant to establish treatments to prevent recurrencesin different segments,such as interferon therapy.