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[目标]研究蔬菜间作及氮肥调控对土壤硝酸盐及氮素表观损失的影响,为菜地合理施肥及减少环境污染提供理论依据。[方法]采用大田试验方法,选择深根系的茄子和浅根系的大葱进行间作种植,并辅以氮素调控措施,研究其对土壤硝态氮时空变异规律及氮素表观损失的影响。[结果]在减量施肥条件下,土壤硝酸盐运移和累积的规律均为间作区含量低于单作区,表明与单作相比,茄子与大葱间作能有效阻截硝酸盐的向下淋洗,并有效减少土壤中硝酸盐累积量。间作种植模式下,减量施肥能够减少土壤中硝酸盐含量,特别是深层土壤,在作物生长期间,硝酸盐含量均比常规施肥区明显降低;土壤剖面硝酸盐累积量也表现为减量施肥区明显低于常规施肥区。采用蔬菜间作和减量施肥,均能不同程度地减少氮素的表观损失。[结论]该研究结果为蔬菜高产种植及田间合理施肥奠定了基础,在减少环境污染上有重要意义。
[Objective] The study aimed to study the effects of intercropping with vegetables and nitrogen fertilizer on the apparent loss of nitrate and nitrogen in soil so as to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of vegetable fields and reduction of environmental pollution. [Method] Field experiment was conducted to select intercropped plant with deep rooted eggplant and shallow - rooted green onion, supplemented by nitrogen regulation measures to study the effects of nitrogen and carbon on spatio - temporal variation and apparent nitrogen loss. [Result] Under the condition of reduced fertilization, the regularity of soil nitrate transport and accumulation was lower in intercropping area than in monocropping area, indicating that compared with monoculture, the intercropping of eggplant with scallion effectively blocked the down-dip of nitrate Washed, and effectively reduce the amount of nitrate accumulation in the soil. In the intercropping mode, the reduction of fertilization can reduce the nitrate content in soil, especially in deep soil. During the crop growth, the nitrate content was significantly lower than that of the conventional fertilization area. The nitrate accumulation in the soil profile also showed as the decreasing fertilization area Significantly lower than the conventional fertilization area. Intercropping with vegetables and reducing fertilization can reduce the apparent loss of nitrogen to varying degrees. [Conclusion] The results of this study laid the foundation for high-yield vegetable planting and rational fertilization in the field, and were of great significance in reducing environmental pollution.