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目的观察水痘疫苗的免疫效果和免疫持久性,为水痘疫情的控制提供免疫预防的参考依据。方法对上海市宝山区已种和未种水痘疫苗的2～7岁儿童共455名采集手指末梢血后进行抗体水平测定并进行比较;对已种疫苗儿童进行不同制品、接种年限的比较。结果未种疫苗儿童体内抗体水平随年龄增加逐渐上升;已种儿童体内抗体水平明显高于未种儿童2岁～和4岁～组,组间差异有统计学意义(t值分别为14.439和3.050,均P<0.01)。接种国产、进口疫苗的儿童抗体水平差异无统计学意义;随接种年限的延长,儿童体内抗体水平逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(F=4.529,P<0.05),阳性率从接种后1年的78.10%下降到接种后3年的66.06%和接种后5年的65.12%,而接种后3和5年的抗体水平之间,差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.061,P>0.05)。结论接种水痘疫苗后可获得较好的免疫保护;国产和进口疫苗效果相当;接种疫苗3年后抗体水平明显下降,建议在首剂接种3年后加强1剂,以提高疫苗的保护效果。
Objective To observe the immune effect and immune persistence of varicella vaccine and provide reference for the prevention of varicella epidemic. Methods A total of 455 children aged 2 ~ 7 years old with and without varicella vaccine were collected for the antibody levels in the Baoshan District of Baoshan District of Shanghai. The antibody levels of the vaccinated children were compared with different products and inoculation years. Results The antibody levels of non-vaccinated children gradually increased with increasing age. The antibody levels of the newly diagnosed children were significantly higher than those of non-vaccinated children aged 2 and 4 years (t = 14.439 and 3.050, respectively) , All P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the level of antibodies among the vaccinated domestic and imported vaccines. With the prolongation of inoculation age, the level of antibody in children gradually decreased (F = 4.529, P <0.05), the positive rate increased from 1 year after inoculation Of 78.10% of the inoculum decreased to 66.06% at 3 years after inoculation and 65.12% at 5 years after inoculation, while there was no significant difference between 3 and 5 years after inoculation (χ2 = 5.061, P> 0.05). Conclusions Vaccination with chickenpox vaccine can achieve better immune protection. The domestic and imported vaccines have the same effect. After three years of vaccination, the antibody level obviously decreases. It is suggested that one dose be boosted after three years of inoculation to improve the vaccine’s protective effect.