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人类研究语言已有两千多年的历史,但语言学发展成为明确了自己的对象和任务的独立的科学,却是经过了相当漫长的历程。在欧洲,这是19世纪初期的事。而中国的语言研究,有传统以来,在对象和任务上一直局限于诠释典籍,是经学的附庸,属于语文学的范畴。这种情况到了19世纪末期,以马建忠著《马氏文通》的出版为标志,开始发生变化。正如孙中山先生所言: 中国向无文法之学……以无文法之学,故不能率由捷径,以达速成。此犹渡水之无律梁舟楫,必当绕百十倍之道路也。中国之文人,亦良苦矣!自《马氏文通》出后,中国学者,乃始知有是学。(《建国方略·以作文为证》)但20世纪初的”五四”时期,在教育救国、科学救国思潮的影响下,资产阶级民主革命的深入发展,对语言研究也提出了新的要求,即言文一致,研究白话文的语法,揭示它的规律,以便普及教育,开通民智,有利于科学技术的学习。而《马氏文通》虽有开创之功,但它全引古人文章为证,显然难以满足社会对语言
Humans have studied languages for more than 2,000 years. However, the development of linguistics has become an independent science that has defined its own objects and tasks, but it has come a long way. In Europe, this was the beginning of the 19th century. The Chinese language study, since its tradition, has been limited to interpreting classics and objects in its objects and tasks. It is a vassal of Confucian classics and belongs to the category of language literature. This situation reached the end of the 19th century. It was marked by the publication of Ma Jianwen’s Ma Shi Wen Tong and began to change. As Mr. Sun Yat-sen said: China has learned grammar without grammar. Therefore, it cannot take short cuts to achieve speed. In this case, if you have no water, you will have to walk around a hundred times. Chinese writers are also very good friends! Since the publication of Ma Wentong, Chinese scholars have learned and learned. (“Constituting China’s Strategy, Contributing to Composition”) But in the “May Fourth” period of the early 20th century, under the influence of education and national salvation and scientific thoughts of saving the country, the in-depth development of the bourgeois democratic revolution has also put forward new requirements for language studies. It is consistent with words and deeds, studying the grammar of vernacular Chinese and revealing its laws, so as to popularize education, open up people’s wisdom, and facilitate the study of science and technology. Although “Ma Shi Wen Tong” has a pioneering work, but it is all cited as an ancient article, it is obviously difficult to meet the social language.