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19世纪中叶以后,欧州炼钢技术飞速发展。1856年贝塞麦发明了转炉练钢技术。不久,一位德裔英国人F.西门子(1826—1904)和他的哥哥C.W.西门子(1823—1883发明家、科学家、工业家)又发明了平炉炼钢法。 西门子小时候体弱多病,在卢贝克上学,15岁时,上船当了装卸工。1844年在长兄维纳·冯·西门子的指导下,开始学习数学和自然科学。1848年,前往英国到另一个哥哥威廉·西门子那里去当助手,协助工作。威廉·西门子在马德堡技术学校学习,3年
After the mid-19th century, European steelmaking technology developed rapidly. Bessemer invented the converter steel practice in 1856. Soon after, a German British, F. Siemens (1826-1904) and his older brother C.W. Siemens (1823-1883 inventors, scientists, industrialists) invented the hearth steelmaking method. When Siemens was infirm, as a student at Lubeck, at 15 he was aboard as a pick-and-place worker. In 1844, under the guidance of his elder brother Vina von Siemens, he began to study mathematics and natural sciences. In 1848, went to England to another brother, William · Siemens to serve as an assistant to help work. William Siemens studied at the Technical University of Madelein, 3 years