论文部分内容阅读
清代人的政治忠诚是人们对清代政治关系所作出的某种反应,是清朝政治制度设计和运行与官员所作所为的结果。清代政治忠诚的对象包括民众、统治阶级和皇帝。清朝皇帝和官员们虽然强调对民众的忠诚,但其目的在于维持其统治。只有皇帝才是清代政治忠诚所指向的最高且最终的对象。清代政治忠诚有着服从、负责任、求实效和献身四个层次。服从被清代人视为政治忠诚的最低层次,负责任是较服从更高的层次,求实效是清代政治忠诚中的一个具有特色且极为重要的内容,献身则是最高层次的政治忠诚。
The political loyalty of the Qing dynasty was some kind of response people made to the political relations in the Qing Dynasty and was the result of the design and operation of the political system in the Qing Dynasty and what officials did. The objects of political loyalty in the Qing Dynasty included the people, the ruling class and the emperor. Although the Qing emperor and officials emphasized their loyalty to the people, their purpose was to maintain their rule. Only the emperor is the highest and ultimate target of political loyalty in the Qing Dynasty. There are four levels of obedience, responsibility, effectiveness and devotion in political loyalty in Qing Dynasty. Obedience to the Qing dynasty as the lowest level of political loyalty, responsibility is more obedient to a higher level, seeking practical results is a distinctive and extremely important content of political loyalty in the Qing Dynasty, and devotion is the highest level of political loyalty.