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目的通过对郑州市管城区2008年手足口病患者个案调查表的统计,了解辖区手足口病的“三间分布”情况,查明传播途径和影响因素,找到控制疫情的措施。方法对所有手足口病例个案调查表中的各项进行统计,并运用统计学原理进行描述性研究。结果城乡结合部为高发地区(72%);流动人口是高发人群(2.2倍);学龄前儿童尤其以3岁以下儿童高发(97%;65%);男女发病无差异;散居儿童多发(66%),托幼儿童发病较多(31%),学生发病少(4%),成人无发病;手足口病患者轻症病例多(97%),重症病例很少;手足口病患者的发热和手、足、口、臀部皮疹为常见症状;传播途径以间接接触传播为主(94%),直接接触传播少见。结论控制手足口病暴发和流行疫情要从托幼机构和散居儿童着手,卫生部门与教育部门、乡(镇)、街道办事处一起,采取联合行动,才能迅速控制疫情;以流动人口中的学龄前儿童和城乡结合部、都市村庄为重点,对重点地区应采取更加严厉的措施控制疫情;疫点的卫生处理要以外环境和儿童娱乐设施的消毒为主,其它措施为辅。
Objective To investigate the case of hand, foot and mouth disease in Guancheng District of Zhengzhou in 2008 and find out the ways to control the epidemic. Methods All cases of hand, foot and mouth cases questionnaire statistics, and the use of statistical principles descriptive research. (72%) in urban-rural areas; high-risk population (2.2 times) in floating population; high incidence in preschool children (97%; 65%) especially in children under 3 years of age; %), The incidence of child care in infants and toddlers was higher (31%), and the incidence of students was less (4%). There was no morbidity in adults; mild to hand-foot-mouth disease was more (97%), And hands, feet, mouth, buttocks rash as a common symptom; transmission of indirect contact with the main transmission (94%), direct contact with the spread of rare. Conclusion To control the outbreak of HFMD and epidemic outbreaks should start with nurseries and children in diaspora, and the joint action by the health department, education department, township (town) and subdistrict offices can only control the epidemic rapidly. The school-age Former children and urban and rural areas, urban villages as the focus, the key areas should take more stringent measures to control the outbreak; outbreaks of sanitation should be disinfected outside the environment and children’s entertainment facilities, supplemented by other measures.