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[目的]研究施用缓释肥料对作物产量、养分利用率和环境污染的影响。[方法]以丘北小椒(Capsicum frutescens L.)为研究对象,采用田间小区试验探讨了缓释肥料在丘北小椒上的施用效果与环保效应。[结果]施用缓释肥料可改善丘北小椒主要的农艺性状;与Conv-F相比,缓释肥增加辣椒产量达20.90%,经济效益增加13234.35元/hm2,产投比提高达47.93%;在施肥量(氮磷钾养分和比例)相同的条件下,缓释肥增加辣椒产量达5.26%,经济效益增加5554.80元/hm2,产投比提高达9.91%;在降低缓释肥用量20%的条件下,辣椒产量比Conv-F提高达12.38%,经济效益增加9595.20元/hm2,产投比提高达65.95%;N、P和K的当季利用率比Conv-F处理分别提高了12.42～17.53,3.35～5.24和5.37～14.02个百分点。[结论]缓释肥不但显著减少肥料资源的浪费,提高肥料利用率,而且减少了肥料养分流失造成的污染,对生态环境的保护和促进农业的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of slow-release fertilizer on crop yield, nutrient utilization rate and environmental pollution. [Method] With Capsicum frutescens L. as the research object, field application experiments were conducted to study the application effects and environmental effects of slow-release fertilizers in Qiu Bei. [Result] Compared with Conv-F, slow-release fertilizer increased pepper yield by 20.90%, economic benefit increased by 13234.35 yuan / hm2, production-output ratio increased by 47.93% ; Slow-release fertilizer increased the yield of pepper by 5.26% and the economic benefit increased by 5554.80 yuan / hm2 and the production-input ratio increased by 9.91% under the same fertilization amount (NPK nutrient and proportion) %, The yield of pepper increased by 12.38% compared with that of Conv-F, the economic benefit increased by 9595.20 yuan / hm2, and the production-input ratio increased by 65.95%. The seasonal utilization of N, P and K increased respectively 12.42 ~ 17.53, 3.35 ~ 5.24 and 5.37 ~ 14.02 percentage points. [Conclusion] The slow-release fertilizer not only significantly reduced the waste of fertilizer resources, increased the fertilizer utilization rate, but also reduced the pollution caused by the loss of fertilizer and nutrients, which had important practical significance for the protection of ecological environment and the sustainable development of agriculture.