论普通法的类比推理

• 作 者: 李桂林
• 机 构: 华东政法大学,
• 出 处: 法律方法
• 发表日期: 2009年00期
• 关键词: 类比推理 法律推理 普通法 法律方法

普通法的类比推理是,法官在法律没有规定的案件中行使自由裁量权创造新规则时,为了证明自己的判决是所能做出的最好决定而经常采取的推理方法。它包括待决案件与先前判例在案件事实方面的形式类比以及两者在道德与政策方面的实质类比。这种推理方法有利于约束法官的自由裁量权,也有利于使普通法成为具有道德和政策连贯性的整体,因而具有重要价值。

The analogy of common law is that the judge, in exercising his discretion in cases not prescribed by law, creates a new rule that is often taken to justify his judgment as the best decision that can be made. It includes the formal analogies of pending and prior jurisprudence in the facts of the case and the substantive analogy of morality and policy between the two. This method of reasoning is of great value in restraining the discretion of the judge and in making the common law into an integral whole of moral and policy coherence.