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在中国水文分区中,沙漠地区一般被划分为非产流区,在公路设计中仅设置少量桥涵来满足路基、路面的排水要求,而不考虑洪峰流量,对非产流区也不提供设计流量公式。然而,在青海省柴达木盆地几条沙漠公路的实际运营中,却发现路基水毁频繁,经济损失严重。针对这种特殊水文现象,我们从设计理念、路基填料、暴雨、植被覆盖度等几个方面分析了水毁原因,发现暴雨是引发水毁的主要外因。因此将2012年最新的青海省公路系统柴达木区流量公式与两种小流域暴雨流量公式进行计算比较,通过分析计算偏差,对柴达木区流量公式进行了适度修正,最终得到能满足公路测量设计要求的柴达木盆地沙漠公路设计流量公式。
In China’s hydrological subregion, the desert area is generally divided into non-flow-producing areas. Only a few bridges and culverts are set in the highway design to meet the drainage requirements of subgrade and pavement, irrespective of the flood peak flow rate and the design flow rate formula. However, during the actual operation of several deserted highways in the Qaidam basin in Qinghai Province, it was found that the subgrade was destroyed frequently and the economic loss was serious. In view of this special hydrological phenomenon, we analyzed the causes of water damage from several aspects such as design concept, subgrade filling, rainstorm and vegetation coverage, and found that the heavy rain was the main external cause of water damage. Therefore, the latest Qinghai Provincial Highway Qaidam traffic formula in 2012 is compared with the two small-scale rainstorm flow formulas. By analyzing and calculating the deviation, the traffic formula in Qaidam district is properly modified. Finally, Design Flow Formulas for Desert Highway Design in Qaidam Basin.