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本文对我院儿科1985～1995年住院病人经头颅CT及尸解证实的42例新生儿颅内出血高危因素进行分析。其中有围产期缺氧史38例占91.4％,难产史20例占47.6％。足月儿颅内出血31例占同期住院足月儿总数的9.4％,早产儿颅内出血11例占同期住院早产儿总数的29.4％,3例为极低出生体重儿,发生脑室周围和脑室内出血。死亡17例占40.5％。提示窒息缺氧、早产、低体重儿及产伤为引起新生儿颅内出血最主要的危险因素,尤其具有难产史同时伴有围产期缺氧史的患儿更易引起颅内出血。新生儿颅内出血临床症状不典型,病情进展迅速,临床诊断困难,死亡率高。因此,做好围产期保健,提高产科技术,是预防新生儿颅内出血的关键。
This article analyzes the high risk factors of intracranial hemorrhage in 42 neonates confirmed by head CT and autopsy in our hospital from 1985 to 1995. Among them, 38 cases of perinatal hypoxia accounted for 91.4%, dystocia history of 20 cases accounted for 47.6%. 31 cases of full-term intracranial hemorrhage accounted for 9.4% of the total number of hospitalized full-term children in the same period, 11 cases of premature children with intracranial hemorrhage accounted for 29.4% of the total number of hospitalized preterm children in the same period, 3 cases of very low birth weight children, the occurrence of periventricular and intraventricular hemorrhage. 17 cases died of 40.5%. Prompted asphyxia hypoxia, premature birth, low birth weight infants and birth trauma is the most important risk factors for neonatal intracranial hemorrhage, especially with difficult labor history accompanied by a history of perinatal hypoxia more likely to cause intracranial hemorrhage. Neonatal intracranial hemorrhage clinical symptoms are not typical, rapid progression, clinical diagnosis is difficult, high mortality. Therefore, good perinatal care, improve obstetric technology, is the key to preventing neonatal intracranial hemorrhage.