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甲醛(FA)是一种诱变剂,同时也是一种人类的可疑致癌剂。在多种体外诱变试验中都得到了阳性结果,在啮齿动物中,FA可以引起鼻腔部和鼻咽部癌。对上海石化总厂生产过程中接触FA的21名男性工人进行了染色体分析,14名非生产工人作为对照。FA生产环境中的空气浓度年平均为2.51mg/m3。结果与对照组比较,SCE没有显著改变,而染色体的畸变率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。畸变类型包括单体型和染色体型两种,主要是单体断裂、无着丝点断片、双着丝点和非整倍体。证明FA是一种染色体断裂剂。我国1979年颁发的FA空气中最高容许浓度3mg/m3对长期职业接触FA的人群而言,仍是不安全的。
Formaldehyde (FA) is a mutagen and a suspicious human carcinogen. Positive results have been obtained in a variety of in vitro mutagenesis assays, in which rodents cause nasal and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Chromosome analysis was performed on 21 male workers who came in contact with the FA during the process of production in Shanghai Petrochemical Corporation, and 14 non-production workers were used as controls. The annual average concentration of air in the FA production environment is 2.51 mg / m3. Results Compared with the control group, SCE did not change significantly, while the chromosome aberration rate was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). The types of aberrations include haplotypes and chromosomes, mainly single breaks, no centromere fragments, double perinuclear points and aneuploidy. FA is proved to be a chromosomal cleavage agent. The maximum allowable concentration of 3 mg / m3 in FA air issued by our country in 1979 is still unsafe for those people who have long-term occupational exposure to FA.