论文部分内容阅读
两千多年来,儒法斗争深刻地影响我国社会的发展,同时也影响我国科学技术的发展,在历法这一阵地上当然也不例外。我国历法的起源很早,至迟在三千多年以前已经建立了历法。当前,为了普及、深入、持久开展批林批孔运动,我们有必要分析儒法斗争对我国历法发展的影响。一、复古倒退,还是革新前进?在我国历史上,存在着两条对立的政治路线的斗争。一条是法家的革新前进的政治路线,另一条是儒家的复古倒退的反动政治路线。变法革新、重视农战的法家进步政治路线对社会的发展起了促进作用,同样地也对科学技术的向前发展起促进作用。在法家路线的影响下,破旧革新是我国历法史上的主流。历法通过不断革新而发展,历代先后造成的历有一百多种,其中比较重大的改革有五次。第一次是公元前一○四年落下闳等造成太初历,采用每十九年有七个闰月的章法(古代历法定出每多少年有多少个闰月,叫做章法),这是我国现存最早的一部完整的历法。第二次是公元四六二年祖冲之造成大明历,实行把岁差(星空冬至点的位置每年都要向西移动,
For more than two thousand years, the struggle between Confucianism and law has profoundly affected the development of our society and at the same time has also affected the development of science and technology in our country. Of course, this position on the calendar is no exception. The origins of our calendar are very early, and the calendar has been established no later than three thousand years ago. At present, in order to popularize, deepen and carry out the campaign of criticizing Lin and Biao and Confucius, it is necessary for us to analyze the impact of the struggle between Confucianism and law on the development of the Chinese calendar. I. Retro-retrogression or Innovation? In our history, there are two opposing political lines. One is the political line of legal reform and progress, and the other is the reactionary political line of Confucianism that is retrograde retrogressively. The reform of the law and the political progress of the legalists who emphasized the agricultural war played a catalytic role in the development of society and similarly promoted the development of science and technology. Under the influence of the legalist line, shabby innovation is the mainstream in the history of our country. Calendar through continuous innovation and development, successive generations have caused more than 100 kinds, of which more significant reform five times. The first time was the fall of the year 104 BC, which caused the first chronicle. It adopted the chapter method with seven intercalants every nineteen years (the ancient calendar defines how many intercalary months each year is called the chapter), which is the earliest A complete calendar. The second is the ancestors of the ancestors of the Ming dynasty, which created the Daming calendar in 462 AD. The implementation of the precession (the location of the winter solstice in the sky moves westward every year,