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贸易与气候变化问题挂钩已成为全球的焦点问题。欧、美等经济体为补充其国内已经或即将实施的温室气体减排政策及措施,提出了实施单边边界碳调节贸易措施,意图通过该措施弥补减排政策对其国内产业竞争力造成的潜在不利影响,避免产生“碳泄漏”的风险。2003年,英国学者首次提出采取边界碳调节贸易措施,以使国内企业竞争力免受实施减排政策带来的损失。美国国会众议院于2009年通过的《美国清洁能源安全法案》规定,美国有权对不实施碳减排限额国家的进口产品实施边界碳调节。可以肯定,这一措施一旦实施,将对国际贸易格局及我国的进出口贸易产生重大影响。
The link between trade and climate change issues has become a global issue. In order to supplement the policies and measures for greenhouse gas emission reduction that have already been or will be implemented in the country, Europe and the United States and other economies have proposed measures to implement unilateral border carbon reconciliation trade, and they intend to use this measure to make up for the lack of emission reduction policies for their domestic industrial competitiveness. Potential adverse effects to avoid the risk of carbon leakage. In 2003, the British scholars proposed for the first time the use of border carbon trade regulation measures to protect the competitiveness of domestic enterprises from the losses caused by the implementation of emission reduction policies. The “U.S. Clean Energy Security Act” passed by the US House of Representatives in 2009 stipulates that the United States has the right to impose boundary carbon adjustments on imports of countries that do not impose carbon emission reduction limits. It is certain that once this measure is implemented, it will have a major impact on the international trade pattern and China’s import and export trade.