论文部分内容阅读
Twenty-four solar terms can reflect the climate change in the four seasons. Ancient people use it to guide agricultural activities， and it has affected thousands of households. Today， it has been included in the "World Intangible Cultural Heritage"， which is the Chinese ancestors’ wisdom of observation and research concerning climate， astronomy and other fields.
Birth of 24 Solar Terms
One of the problems the ancients are facing is how to divide time. With various categorizations， for example， 90 days as a season， they have developed names like seasons， solar terms， etc. Together， they form the time…
The earliest “born” are solar terms like vernal equinox， autumnal equinox， the winter solstice， and summer solstice with distinctive astronomical properties， followed by spring， summer， autumn， winter and other season-related solar terms， and then comes terms related to rain and snow， etc. The last are those the phenology-related solar terms.
To the Western Han Dynasty， "Huainanzi" era， the number， order and name of 24 solar terms have been fixed and continue till today.
Solar terms have divided the year into 24 paragraphs， and then look for characteristicsof each of them. For example， "Qingming off the snow， Grain Rain breaks frost"， such as "Grain in Ear comes summersolstice and rain"， such as "smallsnow seal the ground， heavy snow seals the river". And in accordance with the climatic characteristics of different solar terms， people arrange for production and life.
Based on 24 solar term
-s there come 72 phenologies
Based on 24 solar terms， for more detailed categorization， ancient people divided each term into 3 phenologies， hence come 72 phenologies. In The Book of Yizhou， there are descriptions of their specific characteristics. On the basis of this， the up comers developed and fixed them. For example， concerning the term of spring， when the eastern wind comes， the snow and ice begins to melt.
Every season there is a most often wind blowing， called prevailing wind， spring begins to prevail east wind. Warm， gentle east wind will melt the water， when the otters can begin fishing， but this time there are a lot of broken ice on the water children， thus the fish looks like swimming with ice on their backs.
24 Solar Terms， A Cultu
-re to be continued
In ancient times， the induction of phenological phenomena in the ancient books was mainly due to the phenological observations of the Yellow River basin， while the interpretation of the anomalies of the phenological anomalies seemed to lack the causal relationship between them and at least a lack of social "big data". There are three limitations with respect to the phenological description of 72 phenologies： 1. Mistake
For example， according to phenologies， how can the mice be birds when the weather is warmer？ How can the grass become fireflies after decomposing？ How can birds change to shells when the weather is getting colder？ For sure， this might be a view of life of ancient people that life can last forever， only in another form.
2. Uncommon
As time passes by， many of these phenologies have lost their original signs， thus unable to offer enough information.
3. Indistinct
The 24 solar terms at the beginning originates from Yellow River Delta. Apart from climate changes， with the diversified forms of weather and phenology of large area of our country at present， 72 phenologies are not updated enough to meet the current needs.
In the ancients’ eyes， those living in the nests know wind better； those living in the cave know rain better； trees and grasses know more about the change of time. People’s usage on instincts of different creatures concerning meteorology shows the wisdom of knowledge transfer.
24 solar terms， weather “code” of ancients
Instead of using modern science to quantify the way to define the climate， they use materialized way to reflect the climate law， for example， “The blossom of flowers reflects seasons while the singing of birds tells the farming time”. Therefore， in the eyes of the ancients， flowers are not only beautiful， but also messenger with the “code” of weather.
Now according to the average moving sequence of average daily temperature， if the temperature should be stable higher than 10℃， we call it spring. But in ancient times， people are not so cumbersome to calculate as based on 24 solar terms， peach blossom is a fragrant sign of entering into spring.
“Apricots and calamus， busy time for the farmers”. People tend to observe the flowers， birds， grasses and insects to plan the cultivation and convergence. "Grandfather grandmother， cutting wheat planting rice"， even cuckoo's cry has also been given the significance of farming.
The ancients believed that the season's well-being， the amount of rain is decided by the “sky essence” and “earth essence”. In the winter， the sky essence goes up while that of earth sinks， making both of them without communication with each other， hence “with separated sky and earth comes winter”； however， in spring， they interact with each other， thus “with harmonious communication between sky and earth comes luxuriant grasses and trees.” The interpretation of meteorology is full of a simple but vivid perceptual sense.
24 solar terms is a great wisdom integrating astronomy， weather， phenology， and agriculture together. People also take into account the solar terms， adapting living schedule based on the concept of "harmonious nature and man”. For example， concerning the vernal equinox， the ancients said "day and night" refers to the astronomy. "Paralleling coldness and warmth" refers to the climate. “Swallows coming back” refers to phenology. “The wheat stands in golden vernal equinox” is about farming. Numerous weather proverbs are often about solar terms， examining the nature from the view of solar terms， commenting on the weather， planning farming plans.
Speaking of 24 solar terms， we almost have a natural sense of intimacy. It acts as a rich cultural relic， living in our blood and genes， moisting with our thousands of meteorological experience.
Birth of 24 Solar Terms
One of the problems the ancients are facing is how to divide time. With various categorizations， for example， 90 days as a season， they have developed names like seasons， solar terms， etc. Together， they form the time…
The earliest “born” are solar terms like vernal equinox， autumnal equinox， the winter solstice， and summer solstice with distinctive astronomical properties， followed by spring， summer， autumn， winter and other season-related solar terms， and then comes terms related to rain and snow， etc. The last are those the phenology-related solar terms.
To the Western Han Dynasty， "Huainanzi" era， the number， order and name of 24 solar terms have been fixed and continue till today.
Solar terms have divided the year into 24 paragraphs， and then look for characteristicsof each of them. For example， "Qingming off the snow， Grain Rain breaks frost"， such as "Grain in Ear comes summersolstice and rain"， such as "smallsnow seal the ground， heavy snow seals the river". And in accordance with the climatic characteristics of different solar terms， people arrange for production and life.
Based on 24 solar term
-s there come 72 phenologies
Based on 24 solar terms， for more detailed categorization， ancient people divided each term into 3 phenologies， hence come 72 phenologies. In The Book of Yizhou， there are descriptions of their specific characteristics. On the basis of this， the up comers developed and fixed them. For example， concerning the term of spring， when the eastern wind comes， the snow and ice begins to melt.
Every season there is a most often wind blowing， called prevailing wind， spring begins to prevail east wind. Warm， gentle east wind will melt the water， when the otters can begin fishing， but this time there are a lot of broken ice on the water children， thus the fish looks like swimming with ice on their backs.
24 Solar Terms， A Cultu
-re to be continued
In ancient times， the induction of phenological phenomena in the ancient books was mainly due to the phenological observations of the Yellow River basin， while the interpretation of the anomalies of the phenological anomalies seemed to lack the causal relationship between them and at least a lack of social "big data". There are three limitations with respect to the phenological description of 72 phenologies： 1. Mistake
For example， according to phenologies， how can the mice be birds when the weather is warmer？ How can the grass become fireflies after decomposing？ How can birds change to shells when the weather is getting colder？ For sure， this might be a view of life of ancient people that life can last forever， only in another form.
2. Uncommon
As time passes by， many of these phenologies have lost their original signs， thus unable to offer enough information.
3. Indistinct
The 24 solar terms at the beginning originates from Yellow River Delta. Apart from climate changes， with the diversified forms of weather and phenology of large area of our country at present， 72 phenologies are not updated enough to meet the current needs.
In the ancients’ eyes， those living in the nests know wind better； those living in the cave know rain better； trees and grasses know more about the change of time. People’s usage on instincts of different creatures concerning meteorology shows the wisdom of knowledge transfer.
24 solar terms， weather “code” of ancients
Instead of using modern science to quantify the way to define the climate， they use materialized way to reflect the climate law， for example， “The blossom of flowers reflects seasons while the singing of birds tells the farming time”. Therefore， in the eyes of the ancients， flowers are not only beautiful， but also messenger with the “code” of weather.
Now according to the average moving sequence of average daily temperature， if the temperature should be stable higher than 10℃， we call it spring. But in ancient times， people are not so cumbersome to calculate as based on 24 solar terms， peach blossom is a fragrant sign of entering into spring.
“Apricots and calamus， busy time for the farmers”. People tend to observe the flowers， birds， grasses and insects to plan the cultivation and convergence. "Grandfather grandmother， cutting wheat planting rice"， even cuckoo's cry has also been given the significance of farming.
The ancients believed that the season's well-being， the amount of rain is decided by the “sky essence” and “earth essence”. In the winter， the sky essence goes up while that of earth sinks， making both of them without communication with each other， hence “with separated sky and earth comes winter”； however， in spring， they interact with each other， thus “with harmonious communication between sky and earth comes luxuriant grasses and trees.” The interpretation of meteorology is full of a simple but vivid perceptual sense.
24 solar terms is a great wisdom integrating astronomy， weather， phenology， and agriculture together. People also take into account the solar terms， adapting living schedule based on the concept of "harmonious nature and man”. For example， concerning the vernal equinox， the ancients said "day and night" refers to the astronomy. "Paralleling coldness and warmth" refers to the climate. “Swallows coming back” refers to phenology. “The wheat stands in golden vernal equinox” is about farming. Numerous weather proverbs are often about solar terms， examining the nature from the view of solar terms， commenting on the weather， planning farming plans.
Speaking of 24 solar terms， we almost have a natural sense of intimacy. It acts as a rich cultural relic， living in our blood and genes， moisting with our thousands of meteorological experience.