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国家制定抚恤孤老残疾人群的福利政策,一直存在于中国各个朝代的政策中。明代的各位帝王,在寻求兴国安邦的策略时,总结以前朝代抚恤鳏寡孤独的经验教训,下责令各州各县设立专门机构——养济院,收养孤残之人,并将其载入《大明律》。在北京,顺天府在大兴和宛平两县分别设立了养济院,并将舍饭蜡烛寺和舍饭旛竿寺同养济院一起,作为明代北京赈孤老老残疾之人的慈善场所。本文希望通过对于明代北京地区的资料,揭示出明代北京的孤贫救助的情况,同时也希望从一个侧面加深对明代北京社会情况的认识。
Welfare policies of the state for the pension of disabled orphans have always existed in the policies of various dynasties in China. When seeking the strategy of rejuvenating the country and peace, the emperors of the Ming Dynasty summed up the experiences and lessons of previous lynching pensions and loneliness and ordered the counties and counties to set up special institutions - law". In Beijing, Shuntian House set up a nursing home in the two counties of Daxing and Wanping respectively. Together with the sacrificial candles, the candle-worshiping temple and the meal-feeding pole temple together with the nourishing institute, it serves as a charity site for disabled people in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty. This article hopes to reveal the situation of Beijing’s aid to the poor in the Ming Dynasty through the data of the Ming Dynasty in Beijing. At the same time, I hope to deepen one’s understanding of the social conditions of Ming Dynasty in Beijing.