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目的了解高血压患者健康状况、健康相关知识与行为现况及健康教育需求,为研究适宜的社区干预技术和健康教育计划提供科学依据。方法 1 019名符合高血压诊断标准的患者为调查对象,采用北京市疾病预防控制中心统一制订的问卷进行相关知识和行为的调查。结果经核查、补调、剔除无效问卷,回收合格问卷1 008份,合格率98.9%。被调查人员的相关健康知识知晓率在74.3%~96.3%,吸烟率为16.0%,饮酒率为23.0%,高盐高糖高脂饮食率为31.5%,规律体育锻炼率为72.6%,按医嘱服药率为86.7%。高血压患者服药率93.5%、控制率64.7%、知晓率87.7%,并发症发生率27.5%。结论高血压相关知识整体知晓率为87.7%,高血压患者知识与文化程度呈正相关关系,提示对文化层次较低的人群,应开展高血压的防治知识宣传,提高人群对高血压的认识,针对高血压的行为危险因素加强健康教育和社区干预。
Objective To understand the status of hypertension, health-related knowledge and behavior and health education needs for the study of appropriate community intervention technology and health education program to provide a scientific basis. Methods A total of 1,019 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for hypertension were enrolled in the study. Relevant knowledge and behaviors were investigated using a questionnaire uniformly prepared by Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Results After verification, make up, remove the invalid questionnaire, 1,008 qualified questionnaires were recovered, with a pass rate of 98.9%. The respondents’ awareness rate of relevant health knowledge ranged from 74.3% to 96.3%, the smoking rate was 16.0%, the drinking rate was 23.0%, the high-salt, high-sugar and high-fat diet rate was 31.5%, and the regular physical exercise rate was 72.6% Medication rate was 86.7%. Hypertensive patients taking 93.5%, control rate 64.7%, awareness rate 87.7%, complication rate 27.5%. Conclusion The overall awareness rate of hypertension-related knowledge is 87.7%. There is a positive correlation between knowledge and culture level of patients with hypertension, suggesting that knowledge-based prevention and treatment of hypertension should be carried out for people with lower education level so as to raise the awareness of hypertension in the population. Behavioral risk factors for hypertension reinforce health education and community intervention.