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脑膜炎双球菌引起的流行性脑脊髓膜炎(以下简称流脑),是农村冬、春季最常见和多发的呼吸道传染病之一。流脑起病急,病情发展快,容易造成死亡。本病全年均可发生,但有明显的季节性。一般11月开始抬头,次年1～2月明显上升,3～4月达最高峰,5月急剧下降,6月以后散在发生。本病有周期出现流行的特点,在交通便利、人口密集的城乡居民中,每3～5年出现一次小流行,每8～10年出现一次大流行。但在偏僻的山区和海岛也有十多年不流行的情况。一般非流行区发病率在3～10/10万,小流行年(或中度流行)在20～50/10万,大流行年则可达100～500/10万以上。
Meningococcal meningitis caused by epidemic meningitis (hereinafter referred to as meningitis), rural winter and spring is one of the most common and frequent respiratory infections. Emergence of acute meningitis, rapid progression of the disease, likely to cause death. The disease can occur throughout the year, but there is a clear seasonal. The general rise in November began in January and February the following year increased significantly, peaked in March and April, sharp decline in May, scattered after June. The disease has the characteristics of cyclical epidemic, in the convenient transportation, densely populated urban and rural residents, there is a small epidemic every 3 to 5 years, a pandemic every 8 to 10 years. However, there are also ten years of unpopular situations in remote mountain areas and islands. The prevalence of non-endemic areas is 3 to 10 per 100 000, with a prevalence of 20 to 50 per 100 000 in the small-endemic or medium-scale epidemic and 100 to 500 / 100,000 in the year of a pandemic.