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1.冷水灌溉的危害冷水灌溉是指利用水温较低的深井水、雪水、山漳泉水及大型水库深孔放出的底水等来灌溉稻田。冷水的温度低于水稻生育最低临界温度,而且年度变化很小,故称冷水。直接利用冷水灌溉稻田,使水稻易产生冷水危害而造成严重减产。当水温底于16℃时,便影响抛秧稻的立苗及其正常生长,分蘖受到抑制,并延迟抽穗期和成熟期,还易感染稻瘟病。冷水害主要是抑制养分和水分的吸收,以致代谢受阻,生育不良。同时使叶原基分化受抑制,特别是叶片短小,出叶速度延迟,生长缓慢。 2.防止冷水危害的措施①延长灌溉水的流程。利用地形、地势、形成迂回水路,使灌渠延
1. The dangers of cold water irrigation Cold water irrigation refers to the use of low temperature deep water, snow, Zhangzhang spring and large reservoirs deep hole release bottom water to irrigate the rice fields. The temperature of cold water is lower than the lowest critical temperature of rice growth, and the annual change is small, so it is called cold water. Direct use of cold water to irrigate paddy fields, so that rice easy to produce cold water hazards resulting in serious cuts. When the water temperature at the end of 16 ℃, it will affect throwing rice seedling and its normal growth, tillering is inhibited, and delayed heading and maturity, but also susceptible to blast. Cold water damage is mainly to inhibit the absorption of nutrients and water, resulting in obstruction of metabolism, malabsorption. At the same time, the differentiation of leaf primordium is inhibited, especially the leaf is short, the leaf speed is delayed and the growth is slow. 2. Measures to prevent cold water hazards ① extend irrigation water flow. The use of terrain, topography, the formation of circuitous waterways, irrigation canal extension