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灵歌(Spiritual)是美国社会一种与宗教关系密切且复杂的音乐形式,也是美国黑人特有的歌唱形式。对灵歌的起源,学术界有两种观点,一种观点认为是由黑人改编白人的歌曲而来,另一种观点则认为是白人借鉴黑人的歌曲而来。两种说法见仁见智、都有自己的论据,不过如今已形成共识,即大部分学者都认为灵歌来自黑人和白人思想的相互交融、彼此影响。美国黑人灵歌把历史、人类文化和宗教信仰融为一体,以深刻的情感表达、强烈的节奏感、独特的音调特
Spiritual is a form of music closely related to religion in American society and a form of singing unique to African Americans. For the origin of spiritual songs, there are two kinds of views in academia. One is that blacks are adapted from the songs of whites. The other view is that whites come from blacks. Both statements have their own merits, but they all have their own arguments. However, it is now agreed that most scholars think that spiritual songs come from the blending of black and white thoughts and influence each other. American black soul of the history, human culture and religious beliefs into one, with a deep emotional expression, a strong sense of rhythm, a unique tone