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绪论 为了认识客观世界的规律性,从而能动地改造世界,人类必须对客观存在的许多量(物理的、化学的)进行测量和计算。同时还必须对客观存在的许多现象进行观察、实验和分析,揭示他们的本质,研究其规律,为人类造福。长期的生产斗争、科学实验的实践表明,每种测量、每项实验都有误差存在。比如我们对同一物理量作多次重复测量时,常常发现它们的结果并不完全一样。其原因较多:如实验人员的水平有高低、实验方法不完善、不统一、环境因素(温度、湿
INTRODUCTION In order to understand the regularity of the objective world so as to be able to transform the world dynamically, mankind must measure and calculate many of the objective (physical, chemical) things that exist objectively. At the same time, we must also observe, test and analyze many phenomena that exist objectively, reveal their essence, study their laws, and bring benefits to mankind. Long-term struggle for production, the practice of scientific experiments show that for each measurement, there is an error in every experiment. For example, when we make repeated measurements on the same physical quantity, we often find that their results are not exactly the same. There are many reasons: If the level of experimenter is high and low, the experimental method is imperfect and not uniform, environmental factors (temperature, humidity