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程序法治已经成为现代法治行政的路径选择,行政程序在行政法治中发挥重要作用,听证制度是行政程序的核心内容,美国1946年《联邦行政程序法》最早在法律上确立听证程序,听证是参与民主发展的结果,行政机关在作出对相对人及利害关系人的权益产生影响的决定之前,允许其参与到行政程序中,听取其陈述、申辩,有利于保护其合法权益,增加其对行政决定的可接受度,实现行政管理目标,保障行政决定的合法性和正当性。简要介绍听证制度的理论基础,对中美听证制度在适用范围、听证参加人、听证主持人及听证笔录效力上进行对比,指出我国听证制度的缺陷,并提出完善建议。
The procedural rule of law has become the path choice of the modern rule of law administration. Administrative procedure plays an important role in the administrative law and rule. The hearing system is the core of the administrative procedure. The United States first established the hearing procedure legally by the Federal Administrative Procedure Act of 1946, As a result of the democratic development, before making a decision that affects the rights and interests of the relatives and the interested parties, the administrative organ shall be allowed to participate in the administrative proceedings and listen to the statements and defenses it will be in the interest of protecting its lawful rights and interests and increasing its influence on administrative decisions The acceptability of the government to achieve the goal of administrative management and ensure the legitimacy and legitimacy of administrative decisions. This paper briefly introduces the theoretical basis of the hearing system, compares the effectiveness of the hearing system in China, the scope of the hearing, the participants of the hearing, the moderator of the hearing and the effectiveness of the transcripts of the hearing, points out the defects of the hearing system in China and puts forward some suggestions.