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民族冲突有着复杂的原因,更有着从小到偏见、歧视,大到暴力活动的严重后果。一方面,在民族接触与冲突之间存在着一种轻易地被观察到的负相关,这种相关对人们熟知的“接触假设”给予了支持:个人接触越多,冲突就越少。另一方面,许多对接触情景的历史与社会学的研究则提出,在民族接触与冲突之间存在着某种正相关:更多的接触产生了更多的冲突。更高水平的接触怎么可能在民族对抗方面既表现出增加,又表现出减少呢?与接触、冲突关系相联系的理论对这一问题提供了可能的回答。
Ethnic conflicts have complex causes, but they also have serious consequences ranging from small to biased, discriminatory and violent. On the one hand, there is a readily observed negative correlation between ethnic contacts and conflicts, which supports the well-known “contact assumption”: the more individuals come into contact, the fewer conflicts. On the other hand, many historical and sociological studies of contact scenarios suggest that there is some positive correlation between ethnic contacts and conflicts: more contacts have created more conflicts. How could a higher level of contact be both an increase and a decrease in ethnic confrontation? The theory associated with contact and conflict provides a possible answer to this question.