论文部分内容阅读
森林是陆地生态系统的主体,不仅维护着自然界的生态平衡,也是人类赖以生存的自然资源和环境要素。中国的森林,在原始社会时期覆盖率曾高达64%,而到1949年新中国成立之初全国森林覆盖率已下降到8.6%。人口增加、农牧业发展、木材消耗及战争破坏,是森林资源缩减的主要原因。森林资源的缩减,对生态环境造成了严重影响,生物多样性遭到破坏,许多珍稀物种濒临灭绝,在西北、华北等地区造成了土地干旱和荒漠化,在东南、西南等地区造成了水土流失、洪涝水患、石漠化等灾害。
Forests are the main body of terrestrial ecosystem, not only maintaining the ecological balance of nature, but also the natural resources and environmental elements that human beings depend on for survival. The forest coverage in China was as high as 64% during primitive society, and by 1949 China’s forest coverage had dropped to 8.6% by the time of the founding of New China. The increase of population, the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, the consumption of timber and the destruction of war are the main reasons for the reduction of forest resources. The shrinking of forest resources has a serious impact on the ecological environment and the destruction of biodiversity. Many rare species are on the verge of extinction, causing land drought and desertification in the northwest and north China, causing soil erosion in the southeast and southwest regions, Floods, rocky desertification and other disasters.