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目的了解西藏自治区城乡成年居民传染病相关健康行为情况,为提出相关健康教育干预策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取调查对象,使用统一制作的调查问卷对成年居民进行面对面询问式调查。结果西藏自治区城乡成年居民健康行为形成率较低的为规律锻炼8.8%(501/5 648)、饭前便后洗手46.8%(2 671/5 703)、外出回家洗手43.0%(2 448/5 690)、出门戴口罩38.3%(2 166/5 648)、食用熟的海产品41.0%(2 309/5 641)、加工食品生熟分开18.2%(1 025/5 627)、使用专用筷子夹生肉23.2%(1 327/5 697)、就餐注意餐馆卫生26.6%(1 520/5 705)、被狗咬(抓)伤后接种疫苗39.7%(2 265/5 699)、被猫抓(咬)伤接种疫苗28.3%(1 610/5 684)、不生吃牛羊肉或内脏44.2%(2 498/5 640)等;传染病相关健康行为的形成率随着年龄增高而降低(P<0.05),≥60岁老年人群较低;传染病相关健康行为形成率随文化程度提高而增高(P<0.05),文化程度在小学以下的人群较低。结论西藏成年居民传染病相关健康行为形成率较低,且老年人和低文化程度人群是健康教育的重点对象。
Objective To understand the health behaviors of infectious diseases among adult inhabitants in urban and rural areas of Tibet Autonomous Region and provide the basis for the related health education intervention strategies. Methods The multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to extract the surveyed persons and conducted a questionnaire survey of adult residents using a unified questionnaire. Results The rate of healthy behavior formation among urban and rural residents in the Tibet Autonomous Region was 8.8% (501/5 648) for regular residents, 46.8% (2 671/5 703) after meals, 43.0% (2 448% 5 690), 38.3% (2 166/5 648) of wearing masks, 41.0% (2 309/5 641) of cooked marine products and 18.2% (1 025/5 627) raw and cooked processed foods, using special chopsticks 23.2% (1 327/5 697) of raw meat, 26.6% (1 520/5 705) of restaurants eaten during meals, 39.7% (2 265/5 699) of vaccinations after being bitten by a dog and caught by cats 28.3% (1 610/5 684) were vaccinated against bites, 44.2% (2 498/5 640) of raw mutton or offal were not eaten, and the incidence of infectious diseases related health behaviors decreased with age (P < 0.05), lower than 60-year-old population; the incidence of communicable disease-related health behaviors increased with the education level (P <0.05), and the education level below the primary school was lower. Conclusion The prevalence of communicable diseases-related health behaviors in adult inhabitants in Tibet is low, and the elderly and people with low education level are the key targets of health education.