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目的了解某机车制造企业电焊作业工人健康状况,为加强职业卫生监督管理和制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法检测焊接作业环境职业病危害因素,对2008—2012年职业健康检查监护资料进行统计分析。结果①2008—2012年共检测样品300份,电焊烟尘超标率为22.67%,锰及其化合物超标率为16.67%。但超标率呈现逐年下降趋势。②随着工龄的延长,电焊工人肺部影像学异常改变发生率有升高趋势。③随着工龄的延长,电焊工人心电图、血压和肺功能等指标异常率有升高趋势。结论电焊作业环境的职业病危害状况较为严重,应在加强健康教育的同时采取切实有效的综合防治措施,减少职业病危害因素对工人的健康影响。
Objective To understand the health status of electric locomotive workers in a locomotive manufacturing enterprise and provide a scientific basis for strengthening occupational health supervision and management and formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods To detect the occupational hazards in the welding operation environment and make statistical analysis on the occupational health monitoring data from 2008 to 2012. Results ① From 2008 to 2012, a total of 300 samples were tested. The exceeding rate of welding fume and dust was 22.67% and 16.67% respectively. However, the rate of over-standard shows a declining trend year by year. ② With the extension of working age, the incidence of abnormal changes in the image of the lung welders increased. ③ With the extension of seniority, abnormal rate of electrocardiogram, blood pressure and lung function of welders tends to increase. Conclusion The situation of occupational hazards in welding operation environment is more serious. Practical and effective integrated prevention and control measures should be taken while strengthening health education so as to reduce the health effects of occupational hazards on workers.