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从水电站的控制和维修角度出发，分析了（Ｎ＋Ｍ）和２Ｎ两种容错模式的可靠性，并进行了分析比较，结果表明前者的可靠性和经济性在大多数情况下明显优于后者。因此建议，在大型、巨型水电站多台机组配置控制器时，优先选用（Ｎ＋Ｍ）容错系统。通过优化（Ｎ＋Ｍ）容错系统，提出了一种简单实用的最佳备件量选取方法。所论述的基本思想及结论不但适用于水电站的调速系统，对其它工业系统也有参考价值。
According to the control and maintenance of hydropower station, the reliability of two fault tolerant modes (N + M) and 2N is analyzed and compared. The results show that the reliability and economy of the former are obviously better than the latter in most cases. Therefore, it is suggested that (N + M) fault-tolerant system should be preferred when configuring controllers in large units and mega hydropower stations. By optimizing (N + M) fault-tolerant system, a simple and practical method for selecting the best spare parts is proposed. The basic ideas and conclusions discussed are applicable not only to the speed governing system of hydropower stations but also to other industrial systems.