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为防止电子直线加速器产生的各种辐射所造成的有害生物效应,加速器实验室应采用一系列措施,对韧致辐射x线及光中子进行屏蔽防护。实验室应按最优化设计原则,既保证防护要求又降低造价和提高空间利用率。对宽角度轫致辐射光子的屏蔽,应考虑加速器工作负荷因子w,x射线束定向因子U,和有关人员居留因子T。对散射光子的屏蔽,根据Braestrup和Wyckoff的近似方法进行设计。在对南京大学20 Mev电子直线加速器实验室设计中: 1.采用了局部铅屏蔽室,使有用束外的初级x线减弱至10~(-4)左右。 2.舍弃迷宫,采用加强屏蔽门措施。 3.设置了一系列与出束联锁的声、光报警装置和烟控防火报警设备。文章还给出了有关设计公式、图表和数据。
In order to prevent the pest effect caused by various kinds of radiation generated by the electron linear accelerator, accelerator laboratory should adopt a series of measures to shield the bremsstrahlung x-ray and photoneutron. Laboratory should optimize the design principles, both to ensure the protection requirements and reduce costs and improve space utilization. For wide-angle bremsstrahlung photons shielded, the accelerator workload factor w, the x-ray beam orientation factor U, and the relevant personnel residency factor T should be considered. Shielding of scattered photons was designed according to the approximate method of Braestrup and Wyckoff. In Nanjing University 20 Mev electron linear accelerator laboratory design: 1. The use of a partial lead shielded room, the primary beam outside the useful beam weakened to about 10 ~ (-4). 2. To abandon the maze, using measures to strengthen the screen door. 3. Set with a bunch of interlocking sound and light alarm devices and smoke control fire alarm equipment. The article also gives the design formulas, charts and data.