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要素无效配置已成为发展中国家的普遍现象,更是我国粗放型经济发展方式难于转变的重要原因。前沿研究更多关注要素拥挤的效率损失,忽视要素结构对要素配置效率的决定性影响。本文分析资本结构、劳动力结构对要素配置效率的影响,并创新性地利用CES生产函数标准化系统方法,在技术进步偏向性约束下获取要素间结构效应,分析其对要素配置效率的作用及其影响程度。经验结果显示:要素间结构的变化引发的要素的相对边际报酬发生变化,对要素配置效率的提升没有起到有效的促进作用,主要在于当前我国多数产业资本积累过多形成要素拥挤,且资本与劳动的配比结构不合理所致。资本结构调整对要素配置效率的影响是正向但不显著,劳动力结构调整对要素配置效率起到正向显著的促进作用,且这种正向作用来源于产业结构变迁引发的劳动力结构调整。依据技术进步偏向性分组的结果显示,技术进步劳动力偏向性行业劳动结构变动对要素配置效率有显著的促进作用,而技术进步资本偏向性行业,由于行业本身技术含量不高,蕴涵于资本积累过程中的技术进步率有限,产业产出更多依赖于资本规模扩张而非质量的提升,引致资本投资结构对要素配置效率作用有限。
The ineffective allocation of factors has become a common phenomenon in developing countries and an important reason why it is difficult to change the extensive mode of economic development in our country. Frontier research focuses more on the efficiency loss of factor overcrowding and ignores the decisive influence of factor structure on the efficiency of factor allocation. This paper analyzes the impact of capital structure and labor force structure on factor allocation efficiency and creatively uses the standardization system of CES production function to obtain the inter-factor structural effect under the bias of technological progress and analyzes its effect on factor allocation efficiency and its impact degree. The empirical results show that the relative marginal remuneration of the factors triggered by the change of the inter-element structure does not play an effective role in promoting the efficiency of the allocation of factors. The main reason is that the overcapacity of most industrial capitals in China is overcrowded and the capital and Labor mix structure is unreasonable. The effect of capital structure adjustment on factor allocation efficiency is positive but not significant. The adjustment of labor force structure plays a positive and significant role in promoting factor allocation efficiency. This positive effect comes from the adjustment of labor structure caused by the change of industrial structure. According to the results of the technical progress bias grouping, the change of labor structure in technological advancement labor-oriented industries has a significant promotion effect on the efficiency of factor allocation. However, due to the low technical content of technology itself, the capital-intensive industries with technological progress are implicated in the capital accumulation process In the technological progress rate is limited, the industrial output more dependent on the expansion of the scale of capital rather than the quality of the upgrade, resulting in the capital investment structure of the efficiency of factor allocation is limited.