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在汉语和日语中都有“上”“下”“左”“右”“前”“后”等表示方向和位置的方位词,且方位是及其重要的组成部分之一。因为它们较强的造词能力,所以这些方位词被广泛大量的运用,成为人们认知空间和世界的重要语言要素。无论是汉语还是日语,在表示物体的上面或者是下面都会使用汉字“上”“下”。这一点对于以汉语为母语的日语学习者来说无疑便利了不少。但也正是因为这一共同点,学习者们反而会受到母语的影响,致使误用以至于滥用,这一看似简单的方位语,因此也成为了学习的难点。本文将对中日方位词中使用最频繁、最基本的“下”进行研究,从而明确区分中日“下”的用法。
In both Chinese and Japanese, there are directional words that indicate direction and position such as “上”, “下”, “左”, “左”, “后”, “后” One of its important components. Because of their strong ability to make words, these locative words are widely used in large numbers and become important language elements in people’s cognitive space and the world. Whether in Chinese or Japanese, the Chinese characters “上”, “下” are used above or below the representation object. This is undoubtedly convenient for Japanese-speaking Japanese learners. But precisely because of this common ground, learners are instead influenced by their mother tongue and thus misused and abused. This seemingly simple locative language has become a learning difficulty. This article will study the most frequently used and most basic “Chinese” terms in Chinese and Japanese locales, so as to clearly distinguish the usage of “Chinese” and “Chinese”.