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本文建议:在三向光弹实验中,根据等色线及等倾线求出某一切片两侧的剪力差,把这一剪力差值当成体积力的一部分,然后将切片中心平面看成是平面问题,用平面有限单元法来计算应力.计算实践表明,这一方法具有良好的精度.在三向光弹实验中当要求内部应力时,通常是用剪力差法建立一个补充方程.由于等倾线观测精度较差,剪力差值存在误差;且其误差具有累积的性质,因此用剪力差法分离应力时有时误差较大.同时在三向问题中对观测计算所得的应力进行平衡校核比较困难,因此有必要对应力分离方法加以改进.本文建议在三向光弹实验中在实验观测资料基础上用平面有限单元法来进行应力计算.
In this paper, we suggest that in the three-dimensional photoelastic experiment, the shear difference between two sides of a certain slice is calculated based on the isochromatic lines and the isoclinic lines. This shear difference is considered as part of the volumetric force, and then the center plane of the slice is viewed. The plane is a plane problem. The plane finite element method is used to calculate the stress. The calculation practice shows that this method has good accuracy. When the internal stress is required in the three-dimensional photoelastic experiment, a complementary equation is usually established by the shear difference method. Due to the poor observation accuracy of isoclinic lines, there is an error in the shear force difference, and the error has an accumulative nature. Therefore, the shear stress difference method is sometimes used to separate the stress and the error is sometimes large. At the same time, in the three-way problem, the observations are calculated. It is difficult to balance the stress, so it is necessary to improve the stress separation method. In this paper, we propose the plane finite element method to calculate the stress in the three-dimensional photoelastic experiment based on the experimental observation data.