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本文是关于论证贵金属分析化学现状的两篇文章的第一篇。在这一篇中将介绍样品预处理的方法,测定方法将在下一篇中介绍。尽管当代分析仪器有了很大的发展,但测定贵金属的基本方法在很大程度上仍然是根据经典的分析化学。由于贵金属有很高的金融价值,所以分析工作者必须准确地测定其含量很低而组成变化又很大的矿石中的这些贵金属元素。取样及样品分解是准确测定过程中米重要的步骤。因此,虽然后来发展了氧化熔融、混合酸溶解和氯化处理等其它技术,但在仪器测定之前的样品分解步骤方面经典的火试金法一直保持其不变的地位。同样,为了减小样品中共存元素的影响,分离步骤也经常是必要的。尽管可供研究体系的数量和标准参考样品越来越多,但从取样到最后测定,其中每一步分析过程中还有许多问题没有解决。
This article is the first of two articles on demonstrating the status of precious metal analytical chemistry. This article will introduce the sample pretreatment method, the determination method will be introduced in the next article. Despite the great development of contemporary analytical instruments, the basic method of determining precious metals is still largely based on classical analytical chemistry. Because of the high financial value of precious metals, analysts must accurately measure these precious metal elements in ores of very low content and varying composition. Sampling and sample decomposition are important steps in the accurate determination of rice. Thus, while other techniques such as oxidative melting, mixed acid dissolution, and chlorination were later developed, the classical fire test method remained unchanged for the sample decomposition steps prior to instrument determination. Also, the separation step is often necessary in order to reduce the impact of coexisting elements in the sample. Although the number of available systems and the number of standard reference samples are increasing, there are still many problems in the analysis of each step from sampling to final determination.