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今年5月份公布的最新数字表明,在去年下半年世界各国提起的全部149件反倾销调查中,以中国企业为调查对象的反倾销案件就达27件,占全部案件的18%,中国已经成为世界上受反倾销调查最多的国家。截至到2002年11月份,我国企业共遭受到509起国外反倾销调查,直接经济损失高达160亿美元以上。这里面不乏成功的经验,但更多的是应该总结的教训。根据WTO有关的反倾销协议,各成员国可以对依据该协议认定的反倾销行为进行制裁。一般来讲,反倾销案一旦终裁成立,进口国一般可以对遭受反倾销调查的商品实施长达5年的反倾销措施,即增收反倾销税。反倾销税实际上是一种对具有反倾销行为的商品增收的特殊关税。这种特殊关税形成的壁垒与通常意义上的关税壁垒在作用上并没有什么不同。某种商品一旦被征收反倾销税,就意味着该商品被排斥出反倾销指控所指向的市场。而且,反倾销制裁在5年期满之后,经过复审还可以再延长5年。15年前,我国的彩电出口在欧盟遭遇反倾销制裁就是一个典型的例子。这一制裁使我国的彩电长达10年之久不能形成对欧盟的正常出口,至今每年只能有40万台的限价限量出口,损失十分巨大。倾销,一般是指以低于正常成本的价格向市场出售产品,不仅发生在国际贸易领域,而且也发生在国内贸易领域,目的是以一时的倾销低价使竞争对手发生经营上的困难,最终挤
The latest figures released in May this year show that in all 149 anti-dumping investigations filed by countries in the world in the second half of last year, the number of anti-dumping cases involving Chinese enterprises was 27, accounting for 18% of all cases. China has become the world's Countries most affected by anti-dumping investigations. As of November 2002, Chinese enterprises suffered a total of 509 foreign anti-dumping investigations, with a direct economic loss of more than 16 billion U.S. dollars. There is no lack of successful experience here, but more should be summed up in the lesson. According to the WTO anti-dumping agreement, each member state may impose sanctions on the anti-dumping act determined according to the agreement. Generally speaking, once the final case of anti-dumping case is established, the importing country can generally impose anti-dumping duties on commodities subject to anti-dumping investigations for up to five years, that is, increase the anti-dumping duties. Anti-dumping duties are actually a special tariff on the increase of goods with anti-dumping duties. The barriers to the formation of such special tariffs are not different from the tariff barriers in the usual sense. Once a commodity is imposed anti-dumping duties, it means that the commodity is excluded from the anti-dumping charges point to the market. Moreover, anti-dumping sanctions after the expiration of five years, after review can also be extended for five years. 15 years ago, China's color TV exports encountered anti-dumping sanctions in the EU is a typical example. This sanction makes our color TV for 10 years can not form a normal export to the EU, so far each year only 400,000 units of the limited price of export, the loss is enormous. Dumping generally refers to the sale of products to the market at a lower than normal cost, not only in the area of international trade but also in the field of domestic trade, with the aim of causing operational difficulties to competitors at a time of low dumping costs, eventually squeeze