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00Cr12型不锈钢是一种价格低廉、耐大气腐蚀及磨损性能优良、强度与塑性可与常用耐侯钢媲美的经济型不锈钢。作为铁路车辆用钢,其工艺焊接性良好,但如果化学成分控制不当,焊接热影响区晶粒长大倾向比较严重,由此导致焊接接头热影响区韧性明显降低。文中分析了00Cr12型不锈钢成分与组织的相互关系、试验研究了焊接热影响区的组织与冲击性能,介绍了该类不锈钢的冶金成分的优化方向与激光-电弧复合热源焊接新工艺。
00Cr12-type stainless steel is a low-cost, atmospheric corrosion resistance and wear performance, strength and ductility comparable with the popular weather-resistant stainless steel. As a steel for railway vehicles, the welding process is good. However, if the chemical composition is not controlled properly, the grain growth tends to be serious in the heat-affected zone and the toughness in the heat-affected zone of the welded joint is obviously reduced. In this paper, the relationship between the composition and microstructure of 00Cr12 stainless steel was analyzed. The microstructure and impact properties of the heat affected zone were experimentally studied. The optimization direction of the metallurgical composition and the laser-arc hybrid heat source welding process were introduced.