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四川盆地小麦的粒重优势明显,但其稳定性受生育后期不利环境的影响较大,研究籽粒灌浆参数的稳定性对于提高粒重和产量的稳定性十分重要。以10个粒重、熟期和株叶型差异明显的小麦品种为材料,设置5个试验环境(年份×地点),研究小麦籽粒灌浆参数的基因型差异及其稳定性。结果表明,参试品种的千粒重差异很大,环境均值变动在42.9~53.0g之间。多数灌浆参数均存在显著的基因型差异和环境效应,且年份效应大于地点效应。相同年份,粒重(TKW)、最大灌浆速率(Rmax)、平均灌浆速率(Rmean)、渐增期(T1)、缓增期(T3)及快增期灌浆速率(R2)主要受基因型的影响。CM104、CM42、CY23和NM836等品种的所有灌浆参数的稳定性都较好。相关分析表明,TKW与灌浆速率之间存在显著的正相关,而TKW的稳定性则主要与籽粒生长起始势(C0)、渐增期灌浆速率(R1)的稳定性关系密切,C0和R1的稳定性是决定粒重稳定的主要因素。
The grain weight of wheat in Sichuan Basin has obvious advantages, but its stability is greatly affected by the unfavorable environment in later growth stage. It is very important to study the stability of grain filling parameters to improve the grain weight and yield stability. Five wheat cultivars with different grain weight, ripe stage and plant leaf type were used as materials to study the genotypic differences and stability of wheat grain filling parameters in five experimental environments (year × place). The results showed that the 1000 grain weight of the tested varieties varied greatly, and the average value of the environmental changes varied from 42.9 to 53.0g. Most grouting parameters have significant genotype differences and environmental effects, and the year effect is greater than the site effect. In the same year, TKW, Rmax, Rmean, T1, T3 and R2 were mainly affected by genotypes influences. The stability of all grouting parameters of CM104, CM42, CY23 and NM836 are good. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between TKW and grain filling rate, while the stability of TKW was mainly related to grain growth starting (C0) and increasing grain filling rate (R1) stability. C0 and R1 The stability is the main factor that determines the stability of grain weight.