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目的探讨穿盖弹射对人体头部、膝部的损伤程度，以提出适宜的生理参数，供工程部门使用。方法用１７具头颅骨在摆锤式冲击台上进行动态冲击试验，在材料试验机上进行准静态压力试验，观察试验后颅骨骨折情况。在落锤式冲击台上进行８具膝部冲击实验。用假人进行地面弹射、火箭滑车实验，测试假人与舱盖碰撞的外力值。结果外力峰值不超过３．５ｋＮ或作用时间不超过３０ｍｓ时颅骨没有发生骨折。颅盖骨可承受６．９ｋＮ以下的缓慢均匀加压，颅底骨只可承受１．５ｋＮ。膝部承受８．０ｋＮ冲击力时无损伤发生。结论穿盖弹射时对人体主要的威胁是头部碰撞伤，颅盖骨承受的破坏力值比颅底骨大得多。破盖器工作时人体与舱盖碰撞的机率很小，且不易发生损伤。膝部可承受较大的穿盖力，不致发生损伤
Objective To investigate the degree of damage to head and knee of human body caused by wearing cap and ejection to put forward appropriate physiological parameters for the engineering department to use. Methods Dynamic impact test was carried out on 17 pendulum impact table with 17 skulls. Quasi-static pressure test was performed on the material testing machine to observe the skull fractures after the test. Eight knee impact experiments were performed on a drop weight impact stage. Dummy ground ejection, rocket pulley test, test dummy and hatch collision of external force value. The results of the peak force does not exceed 3.5kN or the role of time does not exceed 30ms skull fracture. Calvarial bone can withstand the slow and uniform compression below 6.9kN, skull base can only withstand 1.5kN. The knee sustained 8.0kN impact without damage. Conclusion The main threat to the human body when the cap is ejected is the head injury. The destructive force of the calvarial bone is much larger than the skull base. The probability of collision between the human body and the hatch cover is very small when the cap breaker is working, and the damage is unlikely to occur. Knees can withstand greater wear force, will not damage