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目的调查分析喀什地区伤寒疫情的流行原因和特征,为采取控制措施提供依据。方法利用描述流行病学方法,对喀什地区2005—2010年伤寒疫情进行分析,描述伤寒6年发病率的变化趋势。结果 2005—2010年喀什地区共通过网络直报报告伤寒病例3 267例,年平均发病率约为14.33/10万。存在明显的季节集中趋势,发病高峰为8—10月份,其他月份均有不同程度的散发病例。6年期间伤寒发病率总体呈现下降趋势,但是在较高发病率上波动。伤寒病例监测阳性率为14.47%,重点人群和外环境监测阳性率极低;菌株分型以伤寒为主。结论饮用不安全饮水是发生伤寒暴发流行的重要原因,卫生条件差,不良的生活习惯,人群免疫力低,传染源得不到及时有效的隔离治疗,日常接触传播等是该区伤寒流行的主要因素。
Objective To investigate and analyze the epidemic reasons and characteristics of typhoid fever in Kashgar region and provide the basis for taking control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic of typhoid fever in Kashgar region from 2005 to 2010 to describe the trend of the 6-year incidence of typhoid fever. Results A total of 3 267 cases of typhoid fever were reported through direct online reporting in Kashgar from 2005 to 2010. The annual average incidence was about 14.33 / 100 000. There is a clear trend of seasonal concentration, the peak incidence of 8-10 months, other months have different levels of sporadic cases. The overall incidence of typhoid decreased during the 6-year period, but fluctuated at a higher incidence. The positive rate of typhoid cases monitoring was 14.47%, and the positive rate of key population and external environment monitoring was very low. The strains were mainly typhoid-type. Conclusions Drinking unsafe drinking water is an important reason for the typhoid epidemic. Poor sanitation, poor living habits, low population immunity, lack of timely and effective isolation treatment of infectious sources, and daily contact transmission are the main causes of the typhoid epidemic in this area factor.