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目的探讨以汉语为第二语言的女性维吾尔语-汉语双语者语言认知特点,为研究言语加工及识别过程中大脑的电位变化提供依据。方法利用事件相关电位(ERP)技术对14名纯右利手,平均年龄(21.2±1.3)岁的女性健康维-汉双语被试者,基于动词、名词2种靶刺激,图片、句子2种启动刺激,匹配与不匹配2种语义条件下研究事件相关电位N400差异波的特点。结果在波幅上N400差异波具有中央顶部优势,电极分布位置的主效应差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。左右半球差异无统计学意义。靶刺激的主效应显著(P<0.01),动词高于名词。启动刺激主效应显著(P<0.01),句子高于图片;在潜伏期上靶刺激的主效应显著(P<0.01),句子比图片潜伏期延迟。女性维汉双语者汉语认知:动词与名词之间存在差异,图片相对于句子概念再认更容易。结论以汉语为第二语言的女性维吾尔语-汉语双语女大学生语义加工过程既不同于汉语母语者的汉语认知,也不同于其母语从属的拼音文字特点,有自身独特的神经机制。
Objective To explore the cognitive characteristics of female Uyghur-Chinese bilinguals who use Chinese as their second language to provide evidence for studying the potential changes of the brain during speech processing and recognition. Methods Based on event-related potentials (ERP), 14 healthy right-hand-winged women with mean age (21.2 ± 1.3) years of age were enrolled in this study. Based on the two kinds of target stimuli, pictures and sentences Starting stimulus, matching and mismatch under the two semantic conditions of event-related potential N400 difference wave characteristics. The results showed that N400 differential wave had the advantage of central top at wave amplitude, and the main effect of electrode distribution was statistically significant (P <0.05). No significant difference between the left and right hemispheres. The main effect of target stimulation was significant (P <0.01), verbs were higher than nouns. The main effect of initiating stimulation was significant (P <0.01), the sentence was higher than that of the picture; the main effect of target stimulation was significant (P <0.01) during latency and sentence was delayed than the latency of picture. Chinese Uygur and Chinese Bilinguals in Chinese Cognition: There are differences between verbs and nouns, and pictures are easier to recognize than the concept of sentences. Conclusions The process of semantic processing of Uyghur-Chinese bilingual female undergraduates whose second language is Chinese is not only different from the Chinese cognition of Chinese native speakers, but also from the unique phonetic features of their mother tongue. It has its own unique neural mechanism.