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对河南洛阳地区汉族进行了ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１＊０４等位基因的ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＯ分型，采用第１２届国际组织相容性专题讨论会（１２ｔｈＩＨＷＣ）推荐的引物和序列特异性寡核苷酸探针，可检测１７个ＤＲＢ１＊０４组特异性等位基因（ＤＲＢ１＊０４０１－０４１７）。在１１６份无血缘关系健康人ＤＮＡ标本中有１６份为ＤＲＢ１＊０４，其中１份为纯合，ＤＲＢ１＊０４的基因频率为０．０７１５。ＤＲＢ１＊０４等位基因分布于５个不同的型别，分别是ＤＲＢ１＊０４０１、０４０３、０４０４、０４０５和０４０６。基因频率以ＤＲＢ１＊０４０５最高（０．０２６２），ＤＲＢ１＊０４０６其次（０．０１７４），二者分别构成ＤＲＢ１＊０４基因组的３５．８％和２３．８％。其它３种等位基因的基因频率均较低（０．００８７）。此外对ＤＲＢ１＊０４等位基因在中国南北方汉族、民族（日本，中国）及人种（白种，黄种）中的分布进行了比较与讨论。将为ＨＬＡ与疾病相关性、移植免疫及人类学研究提供有价值的参考数据。
The HLA-DRB1 * 04 alleles were genotyped by PCR-SSO in Han nationality in Luoyang, Henan Province. The 12th International Organization for the Study of Compatibility (12thIHWC) recommended primers and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes , 17 DRB1 * 04 group specific alleles (DRB1 * 0401-0417) were detected. Of the 116 unrelated healthy human DNA samples, 16 were DRB1 * 04, of which 1 was homozygous and the DRB1 * 04 gene frequency was 0.0715. DRB1 * 04 alleles were distributed in 5 different types, namely DRB1 * 0401, 0403, 0404, 0405 and 0406, respectively. The gene frequencies were highest (0.0262) for DRB1 * 0405 and second (0.0174) for DRB1 * 0406, respectively, which accounted for 35.8% and 23.8% of the DRB1 * 04 genome, respectively. The other three alleles had lower gene frequencies (0.0087). In addition, the distribution of DRB1 * 04 alleles in Han nationality, ethnic (Japan, China) and race (white and yellow) in north and south China was compared and discussed. Will provide valuable reference data for HLA and disease-related, transplantation immunity and anthropological research.