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目的:利用免疫组化的方法探索P53基因在癌前病变到癌这一转化过程的重要作用以及在胃癌早期诊断中的意义.方法:采用胃镜活检标本,选择胃黏膜不典型增生的病例,分出癌变组与未癌变组,利用免疫组化的方法检测P53基因蛋白表达情况.结果:正常胃黏膜、轻、中、重度不典型增生的癌变率分别为0%、3.4%、10.7%、16.7%,随着不典型增生程度的增加其癌变率亦增加.在未癌变组中P53蛋白阳性表达中、重度不典型增生与正常胃黏膜、轻度不典型增生间有显著性差异(P<0.05),在癌变组中,轻、中、重度不典型增生与正常胃黏膜间有显著性差异(P<0.05),未癌变与癌变组间差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论:不典型增生是一种重要的癌前病变,P53基因的变异在胃癌的发生、发展中起重要作用,对不典型增生胃黏膜进行P53基因检测有助于胃癌的早期诊断.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the important role of P53 gene in precancerous lesions to cancer transformation and its significance in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry.Methods: Gastroscopy biopsy specimens were used to select the patients with atypical hyperplasia of gastric mucosa, The canceration group and non-cancerous group were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results: The normal gastric mucosa, light, moderate and severe atypical hyperplasia rates were 0%, 3.4%, 10.7%, 16.7 %, With the degree of atypical hyperplasia increased its cancer rate also increased in non-cancerous group P53 protein positive expression, severe dysplasia and normal gastric mucosa, mild dysplasia were significantly different (P <0.05 ), There was significant difference between mild and moderate dysplasia and normal gastric mucosa (P <0.05) in carcinogenesis group, and no significant difference between non-cancerous and cancerous groups (P <0.05) .Conclusion: Hyperplasia is an important precancerous lesion. The variation of P53 gene plays an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. The detection of P53 gene in gastric dysplasia is helpful for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.