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确定合理的种植模式对提高烟田生态系统的生产效率,促进烟草农业的可持续发展十分重要。以皖南地区4种典型烤烟种植模式为研究对象,采取田间调查分析的方法,从农田生态系统的物质流、能量流和价值流角度研究了不同烤烟种植模式的氮磷钾投入产出、投能结构和价值转换及其数量特征。研究结果表明,各烤烟种植模式均需调控氮、磷肥的施用量及其肥料结构,提高其利用率,并在各烤烟轮作模式中重视钾肥施用及秸秆还田管理。在各作物中种植烤烟的有机能和无机能之比最高(0.71),且其投能组成中人力能最高,其次是化肥能及农机能。烟稻复种连作的T1模式其能量产投比最低,而烤烟轮作的T2模式最高。虽然T1模式的经济纯收入最高,但从价值产投比和物质及能量的高效利用角度综合考虑,烤烟—水稻→小麦—水稻→烤烟的2年轮作种植模式为皖南地区较优的烤烟种植模式,后续可进一步推广应用。
Determining reasonable planting mode is very important to improve the production efficiency of tobacco ecosystem and promote the sustainable development of tobacco agriculture. Taking four kinds of typical flue-cured tobacco planting patterns in southern Anhui as the research object, this paper studied the input and output of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different flue-cured tobacco planting modes from the perspectives of material flow, energy flow and value flow in the farmland ecosystem through field investigation and analysis. Structure and Value Transformation and Their Quantitative Characteristics. The results showed that all the flue-cured tobacco planting modes need to regulate the application amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer and its fertilizer structure, increase its utilization rate, and pay more attention to the application of potassium fertilizer and management of straw returning to each flue-cured tobacco rotation mode. The highest ratio of organic and inorganic energy of planting flue-cured tobacco in all crops was 0.71, and its manpower was the highest in the energy composition, followed by that of fertilizer and agriculture. T1 mode of continuous cropping of tobacco had the lowest ratio of energy production and production, while T2 mode of flue-cured tobacco rotation was the highest. Although T1 model has the highest economic net income, considering the value-to-output ratio and the material and energy efficient utilization, the two-year rotation cropping pattern of flue-cured tobacco-rice → wheat-rice → flue-cured tobacco is the superior flue-cured tobacco planting pattern in southern Anhui Follow-up can be further promoted.